Citizenship and Family Law in Tunisia and Iran: Domestic and International Influences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22024/UniKent/03/fal.1349Abstract
This paper compares two cases from the Middle East and North Africa region to highlight the salience of both domestic and international factors and forces in shaping and influencing women’s legal status and social positions as citizens of the body politic. Tunisian women have long had a legal advantage over their Iranian counterparts, and their political representation increased after the 2011 revolution and under the 2014 constitution, only to find that dire economic circumstances threatened their achieved rights. In Iran, the adverse effects on women’s legal status after the 1979 Islamic revolution slowly diminished, especially under Reformist political leadership, but the US imposition of ‘maximum pressure sanctions’ returned hardliners to office and halted women’s progress. The comparison of Iran and Tunisia builds on and adds to the literature on women’s citizenship by showing how countries with different political histories and legal frameworks can nonetheless be affected by external impositions: in Iran’s case, harsh US sanctions and in Tunisia’s case, lack of international financial support for the democratic transition.
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